Communism In The Soviet Union And Why It Failed Essay -- Communism Essa

Communism in the Soviet Union and Why it Failed Communism is defined as "a system of political and economic organization in which property is owned by the community and all citizens share in the enjoyment of the common wealth, more or less according to their need." In 1917 the rise of power in the Marxist-inspired Bolsheviks in Russia along with the consolidation of power by Vladimir Lenin and Joseph Stalin, the word communism came to mean a totalitarian system controlled by a single political party. This came to justify that the means of production is controlled and the wealth is distributed with the goal of producing a classless or possibly a stateless society. The ideological meaning of communism arose in 1848 with the publication of the Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. They believed that communism is inevitable and is an outcome of the historical process. They believed that the "struggle between an exploiting class, the capatalists at present age, and an exploited class, the workers, would enter a crucial stage in the period of capitalism where industrialization occurs and that the effects of industrialization is to heighten and intensify the internal contradictions in capitalism." To put it bluntly they believed that the ownership of industry would be in fewer and fewer hands where the workers would plunge into a state of ever-increasing misery. These impoverished workers grow in numbers and organize themselves into a political party which would lead a revolution in which they dispose of the capitalists. The proletariat would establish a society governed by a " dictatorship of the proletariat" based on communal ownership of the wealth. According to Marx this phase of human society is referred to as socialism. Communism is the final transcendence of this revolution in which there is a break up and elimination of the state and no class division. That is the primary reason that it was called the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. In 1991 the Soviet Union collapsed. What was the problem with this system of government, if this is a workers paradise what happened ? What did the Soviet Union do wrong to cause a breakdown of their ideal system ? In this paper I will explore the rise of the Soviet power and causes of the 1991 breakup. The person who started the whole transition into a communist empire was ... ...nd lacked spark. The respect and fear they once generated was rapidly declining in an increasingly young and educated country. This weakness of political dissent within the Soviet Union was also important to the crisis. It planted seeds of antitotalitarianism and anticommunism in the native soil. Also the potential for political action sunk to an all time low in the community. The final problem that they encountered was in their relationships with other nations and ethnic groups. This may have been the most potent flaw in their system. Non-Russian ethnic regions contained under developed, peasant cultures. These groups were able to resist with surprising force subordination to Russian culture or submersion into the Soviet state. This lack of development led to cultivation of old ethnic identities and the process of modernization only created new strains. The Soviet Union lost all of its internal vitality, the powers of the regime were still intense. Decay was probably unavoidable but the disintegration did not seem immediate. The counter actions to the already failing government are what caused the final demise of the nation, the actions only accelerated the demise of communism.

Uncertainty Reduction Theory Annotated Bibliography

Theory & Rhetoric Annotated Bibliography Uncertainty Reduction Theory 1). Witt, P. , & Behnke, R. (2006). Anticipatory Speech Anxiety as a Function of Public Speaking Assignment Type. Communication Education, 55(2), 167-177. doi:10. 1080/03634520600566074. * Research Questions: -Why does public speaking generate anticipatory anxiety? -Is public speaking anxiety dependent on assignment type? -How can anticipatory public speaking anxiety be controlled? Key Terms: Public Speaking, Speech Anxiety, State Anxiety, Trait Anxiety, Assignment Type * Thesis: Most individuals who enroll in communication courses do so in order to improve their presentational skills and to increase the enjoyment that they derive from their communication performances. * Theoretical Perspective: -Uncertainty Reduction Theory -Interpretive * Case Studies: -185 undergrads in entry level communication performance course -171 undergrads in entry level communication performance course * Implications: Therapeutic Intervention, Pedagogical Application * Future Research Questions: Can anticipatory public speaking anxiety not only be controlled but eliminated? -Is there any method that can help change trait anxiety as easily as state anxiety? -How can a better understanding of trait anxiety help ease anticipatory anxiety? 2). Pratt, L. , & Wiseman, R. (1999). Interrogative strategies and information exchange in computer-mediated communication.Communication Quarterly, 47(1), 46-66. Retrieved from Academic Search Complete database. * Research Questions: -Is there a difference between face-to-face communication and computer mediated communication? How does age coincide with computer mediated communication? -Are different styles of computer mediated communication dependent on geographical location? * Key Terms: Uncertainty Reduction, Asynchronous Communication, Interrogative Strategies, Question Typologies, Content Analysis * Thesis: Results suggest that the interrogative strategies we engage in to achieve interpersonal connectedness are sometimes different in computer-mediated communication (CMC) and a new standard for transacting relational message exchange may be emerging. * Theoretical Perspective: -Interpretive -Social Exchange Theory* Case Studies: 200 â€Å"epals† selected for content analysis of their emails to each other -316 messages analyzed between 10 pairs of â€Å"epals† * Implications: -People react differently to emails because they lack the requirement for an immediate response. -The shorter the time between a sent and read email will increase the chance of response. * Future Research Questions: -Why do â€Å"epals† want to know about others attitudes and opinions? -Is the medium redefining the type of message we send? – Is the quality of selective message construction found in asynchronous e-mail (Walther, 1996a) producing a new standard for interpersonal connectedness? ). Goldsmith, D. (2001). A Normative Approach to the Stu dy of Uncertainty and Communication. Journal of Communication, 51(3), 514. Retrieved from Academic Search Complete database. * Research Questions: -How can uncertainty reduction theory be applied outside of stranger to stranger interactions? -How do different communities treat uncertainty in communication? -What are the different levels of uncertainty in communication?* Key Terms: Frequency of Communication Behaviors, Level of Uncertainty, Level of Relational Qualities * Thesis: A normative pproach entails a shift in focus from measuring level of uncertainty to examining multiple and potentially conflicting meanings of uncertainty, a shift from measuring communication behaviors to evaluating communication practices, and a shift from predicting what people will do to predicting and explaining the effectiveness and appropriateness of what they do in response of uncertainty. * Theoretical Perspective: -Interpretive -Critical * Case Studies: -Puerto Rican Community -Western Apache Commu nity -Malagasy Community -White, College Educated North Americans* Implications: Uncertainty is a fundamental human experience. -Different communities react to communication uncertainty differently. -Uncertainty is not static there are many forms of uncertainty that need to be taken into consideration differently. * Future Research Questions: -What can uncertainty in other cultures teach us about our own uncertainty? -How has uncertainty in communication changed over time? -How does the frequency of behaviors affect the overall uncertainty of a relationship? 4). Maguire, K. (2007). â€Å"Will It Ever End? â€Å": A (Re)examination of Uncertainty in College Student Long-Distance Dating Relationships.Communication Quarterly, 55(4), 415-432. doi:10. 1080/01463370701658002. * Research Questions: -How does a long distance relationship affect a person’s daily life? -What kinds of uncertainty do long distance relationships lead to? -How does an individual in a long distance relati onship cope with stress compared to someone in a close relationship? * Key Terms: Coping, Distress, Long-Distance Relationships, Relationship Satisfaction, Uncertainty * Thesis: Research in the area of stress and coping suggests that a close relationship with a romantic partner helps individuals cope with stress * Theoretical Perspective: Uncertainty Reduction Theory -Uncertainty Management Theory -Interpretive* Case Studies: -Undergrads from a South-Central college -Norton’s Quality Marriage Index * Implications: -Any relationship where the partner is too far to visit every day is considered a long distance relationship. – Close relationships are more successful than long distance relationships. -Uncertainty is not inherently problematic in long distance relationships * Future Research Questions: -What can be done to ensure success in a long distance relationship in terms of uncertainty? Why is the visual/physical aspect of a relationship over power the uncertainty fo und in long distance relationships? -How is relational uncertainty not inherently an unwanted state? 5). Brumfield, E. (2008). Using Online Tutorials to Reduce Uncertainty in Information Seeking Behavior. Journal of Library Administration, 48(3/4), 365-377. Retrieved from Academic Search Complete database. * Research Questions: -How does asynchronous delivery differ from synchronous delivery? -How does the length of the tutorial affect its overall effectiveness?How does the design of the tutorial affect its quantity of use? Key Terms: Distance Learners, Distance Education, Information Seeking Behavior, Online Tutorials * Thesis: Information seeking behavior results from a determination of an information need and the realization that there is insufficient knowledge to address that need.. * Theoretical Perspective: -Uncertainty Reduction Theory -Interpretive * Case Studies: -Wilson, Ford Research -A&M University -Stephen F. Austin University * Implications: -The overall effectiven ess of tutorials is dependent on a large number of variables such as visual appeal. –The students skill and attitude play a big role it a tutorials effectiveness. Future Research Questions: -What can be done to help improve student’s attitudes towards tutorials? -How has the introduction of these tutorials help reduce uncertainty in personal relationships? -Can these findings be applied to cultures other than our own? 6). Rubin, R. , & McHugh, M. (1987). Development of Parasocial Interaction Relationships. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 31(3), 279-292. Retrieved from Academic Search Complete database. * Research Questions: -How do viewers become attached to specific television characters? Are there any universal qualities that attract viewers to characters? -How can uncertainty reduction and uses and gratification theory help explain these character to viewer relations?* Key Terms: Social Interaction, Uncertainty, Interpersonal Communication, Telev ision Characters * Thesis: This investigation explored the possibility of a parallel pattern of relationship development with media characters, applying principles from both uses and gratifications and uncertainty reduction theories to understand further the development of parasocial interaction relationships. Theoretical Perspective: -Interpretive -Critical -Uses and Gratification Theory * Case Studies: – Parasocial Interaction Scale Survey Study -The 15 Item Scale Study * Implications: -Social attraction is key in developing parasocial interaction relationships. -Attraction occurs through a great level of exposure to a character. -Relationship importance is a construct that differs from attraction. * Future Research Questions: –How can the findings of these studies be applied to network television? How does the uncertainty reduction theory apply to non face-to-face relationships such as in a television character? – How can the results of these studies relate t o the concept of market research? 7). Theiss, J. , & Solomon, D. (2008). Parsing the Mechanisms that Increase Relational Intimacy: The Effects of Uncertainty Amount, Open Communication About Uncertainty, and the Reduction of Uncertainty. Human Communication Research, 34(4), 625-654. doi:10. 1111/j. 1468-2958. 2008. 00335. x. * Research Questions: Why are there 3 competing mechanisms that affect the amount of intimacy in romantic relationships? -Which of the 3 mechanisms is the most effective in romantic relationships? -Are there any variables that interrupt the effectiveness of the 3 mechanisms? * Key Terms: Uncertainty, Intimacy, Interpersonal Relations,* Thesis: Uncertainty and its management hold a prominent place in the study of interpersonal communication. * Theoretical Perspective: -Interpretive -Critical -Uncertainty Reduction Theory * Case Studies: -Longitudinal Study Distinguishing Uncertainty Implications: -There is something inherently rewarding about the process in r educing uncertainty. -Openness of communication about uncertainty has a positive impact on perceptions of intimacy. -The uncertainty reduction process is perceived as rewarding in close relationships. * Future Research Questions: -How can the findings of this study help intimate relationships in turmoil? -Are there any other factors that affect intimate relationships outside of the 3 mechanisms discussed in this study? -Are there any instances contrary to this study?

The Effects Of Time Spent Learning New Information On...

College students from the end of time have been talking about whether they feel they have good memory or not. College students carry a lot on their plate and are required to remember quite a few things on a day to day basis. When things are to be recalled, some people find it difficult if not impossible to remember what it is they had to. This difficult tasks stems from having an unproductive part in the neural cell activity because everyone should have fairly good memory. Does aging have an effect on memory recall? Does a person’s poor memory recall have to do with a neurological disorder? Does the amount of time given to learn something, effect the ability to recall? In this paper, first, the literature on memory retrieval and neural cell activity is reviewed. And then, an experiment will be proposed to examine the effects of time spent learning new information on memory recall. Dennis, Kim, and Cabez (2008) investigated the effects of getting older on neural activity. The s tudy consisted of sixteen younger adults and seventeen older adults. The participants had no sort of mental disorders. For this experiment the participants were shown word-lists that were put into categories and were used for the retrieval of true and false memories. Dennis et al.,(2008) found that older adults do have a poorer performance rate than younger adults. The older adults were very confident in their false answer. But in regards to the true retrieval activity there was an age relatedShow MoreRelatedComputers And Conscious Problem Solving Essay1694 Words   |  7 PagesA. Studying Memory a. Memory- The persistence of learning over time through the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information. I. Memory Models a. Information-processing models are analogies that compare human memory to a computer’s operations. b. To remember any event, we must: -get information into our brain, encoding - retain that information, storage - later get the information back out, retrieval c. Encoding- The processing of information into the memory system—for example, by extracting meaningRead MoreTesting Is Not A Popular Studying Technique937 Words   |  4 Pagesthat makes them such effective study tools, research suggests. Rereading information often gives the false impression that you are learning the material because the task itself does not take much work to do. Students often reread materials to study, almost as if they expect the information will seep into their brains just as syrup seeps into the cavities of a waffle. The more mental sweat it takes to dig out the information, the more securely it will be subsequently anchored. Practice testing isRead MoreFunctions and Structure of Neuroanatomy Essay1547 Words   |  7 PagesNeuroanatomy Essay The frontal lobe is an executive brain area that merges information from other brain systems into a meaningful plan of action. The frontal lobes help individuals anticipate behavior, make critical judgments, survey situations, and organize ideas. The frontal lobes are crucial for thinking because they help process information to make decisions about the future. The frontal lobes do not carry out this process independently of other structures in the brain. It is through the connectionRead MoreMemory Essay452 Words   |  2 PagesMemory is defined as the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information. Our memory can be compared to a computers information processing system. To remember an event we need to get information into our brain which is encoding, store the information and then be able to retrieve it. The three-stage processing model of Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin suggests that we record information that we want to remember first as a fleeting sensory memory and thenRead MoreHow Can Help Improve Grades For College Students Essay1587 Words   |  7 Pagesrestoration of energy, repairing of cell tissue, thermoregulation, metabolic regulation, and adaptive immune functions (Rasch Born). The prominent features of sleep strongly suggest that sleep is â€Å"mainly for the brain† because not getting enough effects the hippocampus, hippocampal formation, and medial temporal lobe (Kreutzmann). These parts of the brain are responsible for the level at which one can function cognitively. Sleep is comprised of two different types of sleep which are non-rapid eyeRead MoreThe Printing Press by Johannes Gutenberg894 Words   |  4 PagesPress, 2005). Since then, hundreds of word processing programs have been developed, along with thousands of new fonts, from Times New Roman to Comic Sans. Marketing professionals and scientists around the world have wondered what kinds of fonts stick in a person’s memory over others (Dizikes, 2013). The concepts of how memory functions, how the brain processes information and how font and memory are connected in psychology are essential to better understand this idea. The nervous system consists ofRead MoreQuestions On Learning And Learning1291 Words   |  6 Pages Kinesthetic Learning Students in many K-12 schools are not learning as much as they should. Teachers are frustrated trying to know how to teach the students or how to keep them interested in class. The average student spends more than seven hours a day, five days a week, thirty-six weeks a year in the classroom. This student will spend more than a thousand hours in school each year; a grand total of at least 16,300 hours will be spent in school from kindergarten to twelfth grade. The question toRead MoreMemory Is The Sum Total Of What We Remember1674 Words   |  7 PagesWHAT IS MEMORY- Memory is our ability to encode, store, retain and subsequently recall information and past experiences in the human brain. It can be thought of in general terms as the use of past experience to affect or influence current behaviour. Memory is the sum total of what we remember, and gives us the capability to learn and adapt from previous experiences as well as to build relationships. It is the ability to remember past experiences, and the power or process of recalling to mind previouslyRead MoreEssay on Effective Instructions on Recall1985 Words   |  8 PagesEffective Instructions on Recall Abstract A study was conducted involving fifty students, randomly selected, that learned three lists of ten nouns. It was expected that the group receiving narrative instructions would score higher than the group receiving the repetition instructions. Two minutes was allowed for each list. The control group was assigned to learn the list of words by repeating them. The other group was randomly distributed tests with instructionsRead MoreEssay about Exploration of Memory2321 Words   |  10 PagesExploration of Memory Forgetting is a common process that occurs near enough every day. The general definition of forgetting is the inability to recall or recognise something that has been previously learned. Forgetting occurs in both short and long term memory, and several explanations have been put forward as to why forgetting occurs. There are two main theories concerning forgetting in long term memory. The first explanation was the decay theory, this suggests that

Surface Area and Cell SIze - 1504 Words

Lab 1- Surface Area and Cell Size: Introduction Background Information- Iodine is an indicator for starch. When iodine is merged with starch, it turns a dark purple/black color. Cells require nutrients in order to survive. Cells must eliminate waste in order to survive. Description of the Experiment- This experiment was done to provide evidence for why cells are so small. Basically, we pretended that each potato cube used was a single cell and the iodine is the nutrients (food) for the cell. Expectations/Hypothesis of the Experimental Outcome- I think that the smallest potato cube will have the nutrients (iodine) diffuse the farthest. The diffusion of the iodine in the potato will move quicker to the middle of the cell in†¦show more content†¦Lab 3- Observing Osmosis in Living Cells: Introduction Background Information- Living cells may be thought of as microscopically small bags of solutions contained within semipermeable membranes. For the cell to survive, the concentration of solutes within the cell must stay within a safe range. A cell placed in a solution more concentrated than itself (a hypertonic solution) will shrink due to loss of water, and may die of dehydration. A cell placed in a solution more dilute than itself (a hypotonic solution) will expand as water enters it. Under such conditions the cell may burst. A cell placed in a solution that is in equilibrium (an isotonic solution) will remain the same and no water will enter nor leave the cell. Description of the Experiment- This experiment was conducted to observe the effect of a certain amount of sucrose in a solution on white potato cylinders. About five or six pieces of potato went into six different solutions that were in increments of 2 m and were labeled by color. The point of this experiment was to see which solutions were hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic to a piece of potato. Expectations/Hypothesis of the Experimental Outcome- I think that the potatoes with no change will be in an isotonic solution, the potatoes in a hypertonic solution will shrink, and theShow MoreRelatedSurface Area Volume Ratio Experiment1104 Words   |  5 PagesSurface area / Volume ratio Experiment Introduction: The surface area to volume ratio in living organisms is very important. Nutrients and oxygen need to diffuse through the cell membrane and into the cells. Most cells are no longer than 1mm in diameter because small cells enable nutrients and oxygen to diffuse into the cell quickly and allow waste to diffuse out of the cell quickly. If the cells were any bigger than this then it would take too long for the nutrients and oxygen to diffuse intoRead MoreSurface Area to Volume Ratio and the Relation to the Rate of Diffusion.1322 Words   |  6 PagesSurface Area to Volume Ratio and the Relation to the Rate of Diffusion Aim and Background This is an experiment to examine how the Surface Area / Volume Ratio affects the rate of diffusion and how this relates to the size and shape of living organisms. The surface area to volume ratio in living organisms is very important. Nutrients and oxygen need to diffuse through the cell membrane and into the cells. Most cells are no longer than 1mm in diameter because small cells enable nutrients and oxygenRead MoreAgar Cube Lab Report969 Words   |  4 PagesInvestigating the Relationship between Cell Size and Rate of Diffusion Ban Madi 11 Dp Biology SL Research Question: How does the size of the cell affect its efficiency in exchanging substances through several ways, like diffusion? Aim: To plan and carry out an investigation to show the relationship between volume/Cm3, surface area, and diffusion using agar cubes measured in time/s; and to demonstrate, using diffusion, why the size of cells is limited, keeping the room temperatureRead MoreThe Size Of An Organism1410 Words   |  6 PagesAC 2.1 1) When the size of an organism increases its surface area also increases. 2) When the size of an organism increases its volume also increases. 3) As the size of an organism increases both its surface area and volume increase however the surface area to volume ratio decreases. This is because the volume increases at a greater rate than the surface area. Organisms with a smaller surface area to volume ratio can exchange substance more easily compared with bigger organisms, which require moreRead MoreThe Causes And Uses Of Antimicrobial Nannomaterials1038 Words   |  5 Pagesresearch on nanomaterials have increased rapidly, due to their potential application in different areas to meet new advantageous technological solutions. In general, when particles are minimized to nanometre scale (1nm-100 nm); because their surface area is significantly large relative to their dimension, they start to present peculiar and interesting properties that can increase their effect as the size reduce, like antimicrobial activity (Beyth, et al., 2015). Antimicrobial nanomaterials can bringRead MoreCorrelation Between Surface Area / Volume With Sensitivity1083 Words   |  5 PagesPurpose The purpose of performing part I of this lab was to study the relationship between surface area/volume with regard to rate of diffusion. We used treated agar blocks to model artificial cells because their surface area and volume could be easily measured, and they visually show the amount of diffusion. By using blocks of different sizes (and with different SA: V ratios, we can compare the rate that diffusion occurred for each block. Background Information All molecules are constantly in motionRead MoreObserving Diffusion And Osmosis On The Rate Of Diffusion Across A Cell Membrane1384 Words   |  6 PagesProcedure 1(Surface Area and Cell Size)- *Purpose-How do surface area and cell size affect the rate of diffusion across a cell membrane? *Hypothesis-The cell with the greatest surface area to volume ratio will have the most affective rate of diffusion. Procedure 2(Modeling Diffusion and Osmosis)- *Purpose-How does the molarity of the solution affect the diffusion and osmosis across a semi-permeable membrane? *Hypothesis-The solution will move from an area of low water potential to an area of high waterRead MoreImportance Of Intracellular Bound Nucleus And Organelles Within Eukaryotes1615 Words   |  7 Pagesannotated diagrams where appropriate, membrane-bound nucleus and organelles within eukaryotes cells; explain evolutionary advantages of intracellular compartmentalization. Living cells are the functional biological building blocks of animals. They come together to form complex organic tissues, organs, and whole bodies, as well as some of these organisms themselves existing in a unicellular form. Cells vary in size and dimension, with Eukaryotes ranging from 1x10-3m to 1x10-4m in length, whilst the smallerRead MoreBiology Higher Level Paper 11101 Words   |  5 Pagesmeasured is continuous III. Sample size must be 30 I only II and III only I and II only I, II and III 2209-6007 – 3 – 3. M09/4/BIOLO/HPM/ENG/TZ1/XX+ How does the surface area to volume ratio change with an increase in cell size? A. Surface area / volume B. Surface area / volume C. Surface area / volume Cell size D. Cell size Surface area / volume Cell size Cell size 4. How do prokaryotic cells divide? A. B. C. D. By mitosisRead MoreEffect of Surface Area to Volume Ratio on Rate of Osmosis1471 Words   |  6 Pages[Type text] [Type text] [Type text] _An experiment on the effect of surface area to volume ratio on the rate of osmosis of Solanum tuberosum L._ BACKGROUND A cell needs to perform diffusion in order to survive. Substances, including water, ions, and molecules that are required for cellular activities, can enter and leave cells by a passive process such as diffusion. Diffusion is random movement of molecules in a net direction from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration

Our Right to Drugs Essay example - 898 Words

Our Right to Drugs You might be tempted to label Thomas Szasz, author of Our Right to Drugs, The Case for a Free Market, a counter-culture hippie. However, this analysis couldn’t be further from the truth. Szasz, a Professor Emeritus of Psychiatry at the State University of New York Health Science Center in Syracuse, is a major supporter of civil liberties. He sees the so-called War on Drugs as one of the worst atrocities that the American Government has perpetrated on its people. Szasz contends that the prohibition of certain drugs, including common prescription drugs, is nothing more than the government telling the people that father knows best. It is this paternalistic attitude that Szasz finds so oppressive. Mr.†¦show more content†¦In this system of laissez-faire, the government has a very small role. According to Szasz, the government should have a passive role in any market, including the market for drugs. Once the government gives up its active role, which is represented by the war on drugs, a free market for drugs which Szasz proposes can be attained. As we delve into Mr. Szasz’s first argument, we begin to see major problems with the government’s War on Drugs. According to Szasz, the prohibition of drugs is a blatant violation of human rights guaranteed to American citizens by the Constitution. In order to prove his point, he equates drugs to personal property. According to the Constitution, every American citizen shall have the inalienable right to life, liberty, and property, the first two elements resting squarely on the last. (Szasz, 1). Thus, Szasz contends that because both our bodies and drugs are types of property—producing, trading in, and using drugs are property rights, and drug prohibitions constitute a deprivation of basic constitutional rights. (Szasz, 2). In other words, just like the prohibition of alcohol required a constitutional amendment, so does the prohibition of drugs. Without that amendment, the prohibition of drugs is in direct violation of theShow MoreRelatedFreedom of Drugs â€Å"We have found grassy solitude right here on the riverfront – our own meadow,700 Words   |  3 PagesFreedom of Drugs â€Å"We have found grassy solitude right here on the riverfront – our own meadow, boxed in by concrete. It’s small, but on psychedelics your interpretation is everything. Everything looks pixelated, glowing red and blue with whispers of green. If this were a television, the reception would be clear. The level of detail is overwhelming. From the smallest patch of grass I can take in the whole of human civilization, the planet, the whole damn universe (Grapples par. 3,2)† ThroughoutRead MoreThe Article A World Split Apart 856 Words   |  4 Pagesyoung people’s right not to look or not to accept. Life organized legalistically has thus shown its inability to defend itself against the corrosion of evil. (4) Solzhenitsyn is illustrating that our society is given â€Å"too much† freedom. As a result people cannot handle it, resulting in abuse and misuse of the rights bestowed onto us. This is exceptionally true in the world of medicine; meant for treatment of illness, has led abuse of prescription drugs. How are our prescription drugs being abused?Read MoreThe Rise Of Drug Prohibition975 Words   |  4 PagesDrug prohibition is rarely viewed negatively by many Americans. The failure of drug prohibition has sparked some debate in the last fifty years, however, the ignorance about illegal substances has led to little discussion on alternatives to prohibition. Legalizing all drugs would be a better alternative than perpetuating the failed war on drugs. The drug war has negatively impacted many lives by demonizing users and corrupting public officials. Criminalizing alcohol did not work in the 1920s andRead More Weapons and Drugs in Our Schools Essay1123 Words   |  5 PagesWeapons and Drugs in Our Schools Problem: The problem of weapons and drugs in schools has become a serious problem in schools throughout the United States. Almost 20% of all students in high school report that they have carried a weapon at least once, and in the past two years there have been over 80 homicides committed on school grounds. Also, teenage drug use in America is the highest of any industrialized nation and it is only getting worse. After a decade of declining drug use, the useRead More12 Monkeys and Societys Perception of Drugs Essay652 Words   |  3 PagesIllegal Drugs vs. Psych Ward Drugs The definition of drugs ranges from supposedly positive to automatically classified as negative. But who is to say which drug is bad and which drug is considered good. In the movie entitled 12 Angry Men the director Terry Gilliam used this film to bring about an idea that I had to rethink. This movie was released on the 27 of December in 1995, this movies genre is often questionable but for the most part it is an Action, Thriller, Sci-Fi. The two charactersRead More Caribbean is a Strategic Transit Zone1343 Words   |  5 Pagesrestricted budgetary allocations for drug rehabilitation (Evaluation of Progress in Drug Control Report, 2010). A United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime commissioned study in St. Lucia reasons that problems of gang violence and youth â€Å"do not originate with cannabis â€Å"inebriation† but with the legal prohibitions on cannabis and the enforcement of those prohibitions in a zero tolerance environment† (Day, 2013,p.6 ). In our so-called ‘moral’ pursuit of a ‘drug-free’ society, we have onlyRead MoreIs Decriminalizing Drugs A Right Move?1216 Words   |  5 PagesIs Decriminalizing Drugs A Right Move? There always seems to be debate on whether the decriminalization of drugs would be of great public interest. It is a very important and controversial issue that has many people wondering if legalizing drugs would be a right move or not. In the article, â€Å"Decriminalization Would Increase The Use and The Economic and Social Costs of Drugs† by David Mineta, Mineta argues about why drugs should not be decriminalized and how keeping illicit drugs illegal outweigh theRead MoreWelfare Recipients Drug Tested1311 Words   |  6 Pagesongoing controversy as to whether welfare recipients should have to have drug testing done. Drug testing will ensure that recipients will not abuse the money they’re given by the government. Having people on welfare take drug test is advantageous because it could save the system money, it would help social workers identify children who are around drug abuse, and it would deter people from purchasing and using illegal drugs; however, it does ha ve a downside such as people who are on prescription medicationRead MoreAll My Life I Have Heard Just Say No To Drugs. You Hear1520 Words   |  7 Pagesjust say no to drugs. You hear it from you parents, teachers, McGruff the Dog, and even people you do not know. Of course, they are talking about illegal drugs, and in most cases, they are right. Drugs are dangerous and should be used just for pleasure. That goes the same for prescribed drugs that are not yours. As for the case of marijuana, I don’t agree. I think marijuana is no more dangerous f than drinking or smoking regular cigarettes. I see marijuana as a recreational drug. A drug that is legal

Singapore Stock Exchange

Question: Discuss about theSingapore Stock Exchange. Answer: History of Singapore Stock Exchange: The Singapore stock exchange was formed in the year, 1973 when the currency exchange between Singapore and Malaysia face a halt and thus terminated. After such termination, the stock exchange if Singapore was inaugurated independently. Later on, on 1 December, 1999, it merged or amalgamated with the Singapore International Monetary Exchange to form the Singapore Exchange. Such an amalgamation has led to the integration of Singapore domestic equity market with external markets (An empirical analysis of stock market integration). As the word Stock Exchange suggests, the Singapore stock exchange facilitates the trading in securities, derivatives and options, thereby providing a global access to the foreign investors and traders. The Singapore exchange was the first to witness a complete electronic exchange, being floorless. In the year 2000, Singapore exchange became the second exchange in the Asia Pacific to listed through public offer and private placement. Working of Singapore Stock Exchange: Singapore stock exchange offers a variety of products or indices which include bonds, warrants, equity index futures, other futures, depository receipts, etc. These products are traded via a computer screen as the medium by The Singapore stock exchange. All the operations carried out by the Singapore stock exchange are fully entertained by electronic means, and it soon became the first stock exchange in history to have incorporated a 100 percent electronic platform for the trading of securities. The Singapore stock exchange requires all its securities to be listed in either of the two groups, namely the Singapore stock exchange Main board or the Singapore stock exchange SESDAQ. The former requires the companies to fulfill all the quantitative requirements and other criteria prescribed by the Singapore stock exchange. The later has lesser legal formalities and requirements and it is the most favorable listing for new and fresh companies. The companies already listed prior can change t he group in which they are listed by drafting and application and fulfilling all such criteria as required by the Singapore Exchange. The stock exchange provides the investors and the potential investors useful information about the recent changes in exchange rates (Singh Foo Rahman). The Singapore Stock exchange has the following trading hours as per their local time: Start Time End Time Pre- open time 08:30 a.m. 08:59 a.m. Market time 09:00 a.m. 05:00 p.m. Pre- close time 05:00 p.m. 05:05 p.m. Close time 05:06 p.m. The Singapore stock exchange analyses the foreign exchange rates, interest rates and international stock exchanges rates both during the crisis period or pre/post crisis period (Determinants of Singapore stock exchange). The Singapore stock exchange anticipates the market and the demand and supply moves f the bonds, equities and derivatives and fairly estimates the probable stock price. The Singapore stock exchange also provides various other services which include securities clearing services, technological services and other data and information services. The development of the Singapore stock exchange rests on its ability and competence to attract new securities and foreign trades. The more the security base of the Singapore stock exchange, higher is the level at which the stock exchange operates (Review of Pacific basin financial markets and policies). From a recent study, it is witnessed that the domestic funds of Singapore continue to be the main source of funds invested in Sin gapores stock market. It has to continuously attract more foreign funds and listing companies, to become a regional financial centre (Rationale and strategy for expansion of Singapore Stock market). Products Offered by Singapore Stock Exchange: Some of the most featured and primary products offered by Singapore Stock Exchange include the following: Exchange traded funds (ETFs): An exchange traded fund consists of a set of stocks, commodities, futures and bonds and it acts like an investment fund, which is traded on the Singapore Stock exchange. An ETF can be transacted and traded only by authorized users. This form of investment facilitates the investor to purchase or sell such equity traded funds at its Net Asset Value at the end of each trading day. An exchange traded fund combines the valuation feature of a mutual fund with the tradability feature of a close ended fund. ETFs ensure lower transaction costs as compared to the other investment alternatives and greater tax benefits. Units of Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs): The working of a Real estate investment trust is much similar to that of a mutual fund, the similarity being the professionalism maintained in managing the funds and investing in the desired set of securities. REIT provides investors an opportunity to invest in a diversified portfolio of real estates, and ensures a regular supply of income, in the form to dividends to the investors. The dividends distributed to the investors mainly arise out of the rental incomes if such real estate has been rented and capital gains, in case these have been sold. The Singapore REIT models are combined with the Business trust models, with the objective of facilitating investment in real estate projects (The rise of Singapores Real estate investment trust market). Securities: The Singapore stock exchange is a platform wherein different Singapore companies get itself listed and then the securities, in the form of shares, bonds, debentures are then traded electronically on the exchange. Everyone who holds a share in a company can be referred to as a person who owns a part of the company. In other words, A stock represents ownership of a company, as well as a claim on the companys assets and earnings. (Singapore Stock exchange) Derivatives: The Singapore exchange also largely transacts in various derivative instruments, which include options, futures, forward contracts, swaps and many more. Some of the most dealt with derivative instruments by Singapore stock exchange are elaborated as follows: Stock index Futures: Futures can be referred to as a standardized forward contract which is traded on a stock exchange with immense liquidity, stringent margin requirements and mark to market feature. In case of futures, the Singapore stock exchange acts as a clearing house amongst the two parties and become a buyer for every seller and a seller for every buyer. Stock index futures enable a speculation of the overall market rather than a particular stock. Options: One of the major products traded at the Singapore Stock exchange is options, put options or call options. The buyer of a call option has the right but not the obligation to buy an agreed quantity of a particular commodity from its seller at a certain time in future for a certain price, which is often termed as the strike price. The owner of the put option has the right to sell an asset at a specified price on any pre determined future date. Options can either be American options or European options. Forward contracts: The Singapore stock exchange also deals in forward contracts or agreements, wherein the investor enters into a contract to borrow/ invest a specified amount of money at a specified interest rate, at a specified point of time in future for a specified period of time. Manner in Which Investment Managers Manage their Respective Portfolios: Portfolio means a combination of different securities, in which the investor invests. Investing in a portfolio of securities rather than an individual security is less risky comparatively and also fetches greater returns than an individual security. The investment managers need to carefully analyze the returns generated from the portfolio of different securities and the risk associated with such investment. Only those portfolios should be taken up, in which the expected returns are greater than the risks associated with such investment (Risk aversion, capital asset allocation, and Markowitz portfolio- selection model). The most optimum portfolio is the one which has the highest expected utility. Utility is the positive function of return and a negative function of risk. Statistically, return would be measured in terms of mean and risk will be measured in terms of variance or standard deviation. Hence, the investment managers should carefully study the risk return relationship of vari ous securities in the portfolio and eliminate those securities which have higher risks as compared to its returns. Why Singapore Stock Exchange? The Singapore stock exchange was the first to witness a complete electronic platform for trading of securities, bonds, derivatives. In the year 2000, Singapore stock exchange became the second stock exchange in the Asia Pacific to get listed through public offer and private placement. Singapores monetary system is aimed to promote price stability and provide a proper base for sustainable growth and development. Singapore companies are well renowned for their dedication to quality and such high commitment and reliability makes the Singapore stock exchange more favorable than the other stock exchanges. Also, the Singapore stock exchange operates a managed float regime for the Singapore dollar. The Singapore stock exchange accommodates all the short- term foreign exchange fluctuations and is very flexible and not rigid. Also, the interest rates in Singapore are based on the prevailing foreign exchange rates and the investors estimate of the fluctuations in Singapore dollar in the probab le future. Singapore stock exchanges are more favorable because they offer trading in securities besides trading in futures and derivatives. A complete electronic platform for trading in securities, rather than roaming around in the supermarkets is very convenient for investors as well as potential investors. References: Foo, Tee Sing and Rahman, S. Portfolio balance approach to exchange rate determination in Singapore, Singaporean Macroeconomic Issues,2, pp. 155-169. Koh, L.Y. and Wu, Y. (1998) Determinants of the Singapore Stock exchange A VAR Anlaysis, East Asian Economic Issues, pp. 107-123. Carpentier, Cecile, LHer, J.-F and Suret, J.-M (2008) Review of Pacific basin financial markets and policies, Posted online, 11(2), pp. 255-286. Sing, T.F. (2009) The rise of Singapores Real Estate Investment Trust (SREIT) market The Singapore Economic Review, 54(02), pp. 217-232. Yi, Z. (2009) An empirical analysis of stock market integration: Comparison study of Singapore and Malaysia, The Singapore Economic Review, 54(02), pp. 217-232. Wang, K. (2000) Rationale and strategy for expansion of Singapore stock market, Review of Pacific Basin financial markets and policies, 03(01), pp. 45-58. Risk aversion, capital asset allocation, and Markowitz portfolio- selection model (2012), Security analysis, portfolio management, and financial derivatives, pp. 265-311.

Describe a place where you feel completely content free essay sample

Virgos are meant to be earth signs. Ive read it on every quasi astrological website, every monthly horoscope: Im supposed to feel some connection to the dirt beneath my feet. Maybe because Im named after the moon or, maybe because I was raised in a massive city where the celestial bond between me and the earth was interrupted by slabs of concrete, Ive never felt it. Even when surrounded by forests as I am here, I feel at times awkward on my feet, as though gravity doesnt quite pull me towards the same molten center. As a child I tripped over cracks in the side walk and ran into imaginary friends and sometimes into very not imaginary bus stops which left bruises on my forehead and scars on my knees. I was awkward on the ground, stumbling and dragging my feet until my mother would shout at me to pick them up. We will write a custom essay sample on Describe a place where you feel completely content or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But suspended, hanging from the too thin branches of under watered trees in Prospect park, I felt at peace. As though the disconnect between myself and the earthy crust could be solved by only a little distance. The freedom that I felt as my legs dangled over branches or monkey bars or occasionally the lights of a crosswalk was unparalleled. Wind flittered between the curls on my head and passed over my swinging ankles, materializing itself like a blanket on my tiny limbs. As a young girl I fell in love with heights, and from this vantage point I fell in love with the world. Heights, the spaces between gravity and flight have offered me peace, understanding and a point for observation from the time I first climbed a tree. This place of peace has developed and changed shapes throughout my life. As a young child it was the skinny trunks and low branches of the trees lining Henry street, in elementary school it was the monkey bar my mother suspended from from the rafters in our living room, on which I would perch myself and watch the day progress, memorizing the smell of arroz con pollo from the kitchen and watching my mothers face in her moments of rest. In high school I found peace in the form of the catwalk, an intricate maze of iron hanging above the school theater. From the catwalk, hidden in the dust and the darkness, I feel the eternal weight of the world melt from my shoulders, as though my troubles were afraid of heights and simply could not follow me up the narrow winding staircase or dangle their legs thirty feet above the ground. From up there I can observe, unweighted by arbitrary worries or thoughts, listen to the gossip just outside and dissect the vocal patterns and intonation of the speaker. I watch people passing beneath me, squirming in their seats or braiding each others hair, I watch for the subtle furrow of the brow or gnawing of the nail: I sit high up and search for detail that is ignored down below, perhaps swallowed up by the earth and i ts worldly tastes. Here, in the catwalk, in the trees, on a plane, I find comfort. I find myself to be most true in this space in between the earth and the heavens, in between observing and participating, being just enough to be and to see all at once. From heights I find the world in unbiased, unperturbed beauty.