Instance of Innovation Essay Example for Free

Instance of Innovation Essay The throngs of Apple fans who crowded into the Moscone convention centre in San Francisco to hear Steve Jobs give his annual MacWorld keynote address went into the room with high expectations. Judging by their response their expectations were more than met. The unveiling of the iPhone, Apples long-awaited entry into the mobile handset market, was greeted by rapturous applause, gasps of disbelief, and occasional whoops of joy from the Apple faithful. Six years after Apple transformed the market for digital music players with the introduction of the iPod, the company had attempted a repeat performance in the market for mobile handsets with the iPhone a slim, sleek handset that relies on an innovative touch- screen interface. This thing is amazing, says Van Baker, an analyst at Gartner, who had a chance to try the iPhone himself during an analyst briefing by Apple. Its the biggest home run for them Ive seen yet. Apple is far from the first company to try to crack the so- called smartphone market. Microsoft, Apples arch-rival, has been talking about such devices for years, but its mobile windows effort has slumped in part because mobile carriers were wary of Microsoft and kept out. Just 6m smart phones were sold in the US last year, compared with more than 1bn mobile handsets sold worldwide. Two million of them operated on Windows software, with the rest of the market split between Research In Motion, makers of the Blackberry; Palm, maker of the Treo handset; and a handful of others. Shares of RIM fell 7. 9 per cent yesterday while Palm stock fell 5. 7 per cent. Charles Golvin, analyst at Forrester, cautions that, even with Apples impressive device, the market for phones that integrate voice calls, e-mail, web browsing and music will remain a small part of the overall handset market. Miro Kazakoff, senior associate at Compete, an industry analyst group, says his research shows that its unlikely that any phone, no matter how good, is going to get people to pay a high price and up to Dollars 200 in early termination fees on their current contract. Wireless shoppers are hooked on free phones as carriers have subsidized better and better devices over the years. Apple is betting that the iPhones unique user interface the result of years of research will reinvent the entire smartphone category, just as the Macintosh redefined computers and just as the iPod redefined what customers came to expect from their digital music players. Apple is going to reinvent the phone, was Mr Jobs bold pronouncement at MacWorld. The early signs are encouraging. Ralph Simon, MEF Americas Chairman Emeritus of the Mobile Entertainment Forum, says that the iPhone represents a quantum leap in innovation for the entertainment industry. You cant overlook the strides already made by competitors like Nokia and Motorola, but the seamless marriage of the iPods kudos to the mobile phone is a key step evolution of the mobile to becoming an all-round entertainment device, says Mr Simon. With the least expensive iPhone models priced at Dollars 499, price remains a concern. How many people will be out there willing to pay that kind of premium? Mr Golvin asks. However, he says there are some encouraging signs in Motorolas recent experience with the Razr, its ultra-thin premium mobile phone. The Razr is now several years old they were able to keep their premium prices for quite a while, Mr Golvin says. Mr Jobs was keen to signal Apples intention to become a leading player in consumer electronics yesterday. At the close of his MacWorld speech, he announced the company had decided to drop the word computer from its name now that its brand has spread well beyond the Macintosh to include other devices. Even the most jaded observers would be hard pressed to deny that, with the iPhone, the newly christened Apple is off to a great start.

Food Industry Is A Continuously On Demand Industry Marketing Essay

Food Industry Is A Continuously On Demand Industry Marketing Essay Introduction Food industry is a continuously on demand industry that people are always need and want. Some economists and analysts claim that food industry is one of the most proof to economic slowdown. This makes this industry a resilient, reliable and profitable industry. The products and foods that are part of the booming industry includes, confectioneries, health products, biscuits, kids foods, animal foods, crackers, bakeries, cakes, vegetables etc. The wide range of products available offers ample of opportunities for business in this line, growth and progress in line with the advancement of technology and new channel of marketing. Definition of Strategic analysis This includes an implementation of strategy and approaches after taking into consideration various factors i.e. internal and external that directly and indirectly affects the company. Strategic analysis will analyze and assess various forms of strategy after considering the threats potential opportunities etc that the company could exploit in order to succeed and remain relevant to customers. A proper action and steps towards strategic decision and analysis will enable the company view all the potentials and weaknesses within the company and therefore will ensure the positive move in the future. The PEST analysis A PEST analysis is a business measurement tool that assesses and analyzes the factors of. Political, Economic, Social and Technological which then translated to the proper implementation of strategic decisions prior the results of PEST analysis. Factors affecting the Food Industry (PEST Analysis) 1) Political factors Political factors are the factors that include government intervention and barriers in terms of tax/tariff that could benefits the citizen or the government. Apart form that, it also includes the policy and systems that government adopt in regards of business friendly particularly in food industry. The likes of importing policy, regulation and procedures, policy of taking over, merger and acquisition that could affect the constant supply of foods to the country etc are part of political factors. 2) Economic factors Economic factors include stability, income parity, income status, purchasing powers, exchange rate, unemployment rates, interest rates etc. This will certainly affect the decision and actions taken by the company economically. As food is part of necessity and demand by people around the world, as every needs food to survive and living, we could say the industry is not much sensitive on the economic change and volatility. 3) Social factors Social factors include the trends and patterns of demands which due to the cultures, nationality, religious etc. Brand awareness on a country might differ with each others, income distribution, age, demographic, preferences, local and global attitudes towards certain things are different. As for food industry, its known that local preferences will determine the acceptance of food products. The local taste and likes must be met and this will require the business and companies to understand the local market before embarking into the local ones. 4) Technological factors Technological factors really affect the production and effectiveness of the plant and operation. As for the food industry we are seeing the advancement and improvement in terms of technology employed in food industry that as a result improve the yield, making it more efficient and reliable. Product innovation and improvement is also produced with the help of new technology, systems or techniques, This will then help the companies to produce high quality and better food products in terms of taste, health ingredients, safety etc. SWOT analysis. SWOT is analysis of all the possible factors of strength, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. As PEST are just a tool that addresses the external factors that potentially affect the business, the SWOT seems will give better result and pictures of how the company should react with the business environments and settings that include internal and external factors. The SWOT analysis of Krafts Food industry (the company under study) is performed after analyzing the factors both form external and internal. 1) Strengths 1. Large Market Share In terms of market share, Krafts Food has been in forefront leader in the cheese and biscuits segments. There are the worlds second largest food manufacturer behind nestle in the world but leader in certain part of the world including Northern America and Canada. The fact that have captured quite substantial portion of market share is because the aggressive mergers and acquisition that had taken place for many years since Krafts early inception years. The mergers and acquisition have made a bigger company and able to capture their rivals customer and market. 2. Brand loyalty The current Krafts brands include: Balance Bar, Oreo, Jell-O, Maxwell House, Mikado, Nabisco, Tang, Oscar Mayer, Twist, Snack Wells etc. 3. New technology As for Krafts Food, they have the new technology as they invented quite new products and taste with the help of technology. Plus they acquired many firms with already have technology in place. This could give them a competitive advantage over their competitors. 2) Weaknesses 1. Lack of Marketing Strategy and Launching New Products It is seen that Krafts Food is having difficulty in launching and producing new products and foods. Due to the fact that they have been expanding by the mode of acquiring and merging with other established companies, therefore their variety of new products are very limited. 2. Declining Sales and Demand from Europe and Western Part Krafts Food is now experiencing a decline demand and sales in western part as well as European countries. The competition with other rivals and the leading food manufacturer Nestle is very stiff, as European are more opt to prefer Nestle rather than Kraft in that region. They also face heavy competition in chocolate and baking powder manufacturer, as many big companies in Europe such as chocolates manufacturer from Switzerland, premium brands from Belgium and United Kingdom are more established than Cadbury of Krafts Food. 3) Opportunities 1. New categories, products (i.e., organic, health-focused) People are more concern on the health- focused products including foods. This is a very good opportunity for Krafts to embark in this lucrative segment as the potential fro growth is so huge. They could leverage on the existing plant that they have and enhance their R n D in that particular segment or even joint venture with other related health focused products. 2. International markets Krafts Food involved in international business and they have many plants that operates in various parts of the worlds. They could use this opportunity to expand in that particular region and surround to increase market share and capture the new untapped market surround the region. 3. Operates in many fast growing categories The company (Krafts Food) is offering various products of foods from many categories such ranging from biscuits, health focus products, animal foods, cheesy based foods, crackers, bread and cakes, floor, chocolates , drinks, etc. That will enable them to compete in diverse categories apart from lowering the risk of concentrating in just few products of foods. 4) Threats 1. Competition Stiff competition in food industry in global scale since they are operating in international arena. They operates in many parts of the world and have to compete with the local manufacturers as well. Some of them are really capable of offering products that meet local taste and preference. Example such as in Malaysia perspective where we see Jacobs of Malaysia or Julies Sdn Bhd competing with global brand of Krafts Food. They seem to understand more on the local preference than the global player in biscuits and cookies line of products. 2. Industry consolidation With the consolidation and mergers as well as acquisition exercised by other firms globally, Krafts Food is also feel the pressure to compete with such firms. The industry now becomes more constraint and tight in terms of number of players in the industry as well as market share among companies. 3. Volatile COGS over short run With the increasing cost of goods, every industry will be impacted and this will reflect the growth of the companies in the sector. In some ways, this could also resist and restraint the strategies and products differentiation, sales and marketing etc, of the companies in food industry. Definition of strategy formulation It is very crucial and essential for Krafts Managers and to form appropriate and effective strategies in order to sustain and survive in the long run. Especially in the global issues that impacting companies in the world, management team of Krafts should think of strategies and approach to tackle those issues as well as external and internal factors of Krafts companies. 1) Krafts Marketing Strategy Some of the very strategic decision in their marketing strategies, is that the company sponsored the Kraft Musical Revue, a two-hour musical variety show. Their international operation is supported by a policy that focuses on local tastes of foreign consumers. Kraft was a major supplier during World War II. They also enhanced the collaboration and joint efforts with government of US. This somehow create and indirect promotion and establishing their name in domestic as well as international arena. 2) Differentiation strategy Emerging markets: Growth in the confectionary market will largely take place in emerging markets. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Natural: Consumer demand for products that are free from artificial colors, flavors and additives and concern over the long term effects of artificial ingredients has driven growth in the confectionary industry. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Heritage and provenance: For chocolate manufacturers a key growth opportunity is for premiumization through either high quality country of origin (or even single estate) ingredients or by focusing on the quality of production methods. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Healthy and functional confectionery: Health continues to be a key innovation opportunity for confectionery managers in line with an ageing population and an obesity epidemic. Even if retailers develop the operational capabilities to manufacture and sell chocolate and gum based on these issues, they may not be perceived to have the brand credibility that are owned by more established confectionary manufacturers. A potential acquisition of this magnitude during a sluggish economic recovery implies Krafts commitment to grow its extend its brand in growing global markets while evaluating other products in its brand architecture. They also increased their investments into key consumer trends in quick meals, health and wellness, snacking and premium products. These has reinforced the brand and presence of Krafts Food in the market they are operating in. With the Kraft innovation and new technology they have been successfully implementing an invention or creative idea that creates value to consumers. Krafts have been able to constantly adapt and anticipate their needs. With the help of innovation, they create new product platform as well as improving their product features. This applies to products, processes, packaging, ingredients, and more. It is well supported by various Kraft business units such as RD, consumer comments and feedback and public relations, etc. Kraft has its own strong Research, Development Quality team of who all have a important role in innovating and producing the new Kraft. They are continuously develops new products that broaden range of products and compete in new categories. For example, Bagel fuls, the first all in one bagel and Philadelphia cream cheese. 3) Focus strategy Kraft also introduced many of its products in foreign markets. The company name changed in 1976 to Kraft Inc. to enhance the companys focus on food processing and to more emphasizing with the internationally known Kraft trademark. Reorganization accompanied the name change the move toward a more centralized structure was formed by dividing the company into divisions according to specific markets or products. What is Corporate Level Strategy? Corporate strategy is a strategy that determines what businesses a company is in, should be in, or wants to be in, and what it wants to do with those businesses. Its based on the mission and goals of the organization and the roles that each business unit of the organization will play. The acquisition of Cadbury has significantly enhanced the strength of Kraft Foods in the confectionery sector enables Kraft Foods to take advantage of Cadburys product development capabilities. They believe that confectionery markets are consolidating and it is very important for Krafts to control of the supply chain and growing portfolio of their own retailer brands. In addition, they could also experience the increasing expansion of markets such as Brazil, China, and Russia as well as other parts of the new emerging markets such as India and Mexico. Global collaboration of Krafts Food In line with its sustainability strategy, Kraft Foods has selected six key areas in which it feels it can have the greatest impact. These are transportation/distribution, agricultural commodities, energy, water, waste, and packaging. They have formed various collaboration and joint ventures with their distributors, retailers, packagers, outsourcers and business partners to improve the efficiencies and effectiveness of these areas. In line with this effort, Kraft had reached an agreement to acquire Groupe Danones global biscuit business, snacks, cookies and crackers manufacturers. In competing at European biscuits portfolio, they (Kraft) had gone through the acquisition of brands like LU, Tuc, and Prince. As a result, Kraft also expanding and strengthening their footholds in China and other emerging markets as Malaysia and Indonesia They also hire the capable and good managers and directors in the emerging markets to oversee the operation and management. They are able to react faster to market changes and improving the revenues, operating income and cash flow. Brand Strategy of Krafts Food In todays very dynamics and complex business environment, the importance of brand and its reinforcement is one of the key areas of focus. The much bigger North Asian markets such as Japan also shows that long term significant further growth is potentially high. One example is to take a global concept and adapt it locally with consumers. For example, Oreo Krafts hot selling cookie in the US, and being produced less sweet to match consumers in China. Transform it into wafers and rolls to further connect with the way they eat their snacks. Oreo is now the no.1 biscuit brand in China and China is the no.2 Oreo market in the world after the US. Customers and stakeholders have evolved in respective to their needs and demands. In Asia, consumers are inclined towards having enough vitamins and minerals, and Krafts answers that by offering products that meet these needs. Tang Fruitrition is full with vitamins A, B, C and calcium. While in the US, where there is a high concern on obesity, Kraf ts offers and selling Sensible Solution products that features 100 calorie snacks (such as cookies and bars, puddings and crackers) to help people eat less with smaller portions, LiveActive cheese which popular of its s digestive health, and South Beach Living meals and snacks that are more like balanced diet meals with very great taste. Kraft wants to survive and expanding their presence in a positive way. With Kraft Foods being one of the largest food and beverage companies in the world, they need to understand such varied consumer preferences. Their portfolio is established to meet those needs, from snacks and premium foods, to convenience and health and wellness. As for countries like China, Russia, Brazil and ASEAN countries being biggest international markets for Kraft. They have created many products that are tailored to the needs of locals in order to please the customers and able to sustain successfully until today. As part of branding strategy of Krafts they will continue enhancing and strengthening the products line, quality and high taste of Krafts Food products that differentiate them with their rivals and competitors. Conclusion Kraft vision is always to make today delicious. They make some of the best-known brands around the globe. Brands like Kraft cheeses, dinners and dressings; Oscar Mayer meats; Philadelphia cream cheese; Maxwell House coffee; Nabisco cookies and crackers and its Oreo brand; Jacobs coffees; Milka chocolates; and LU biscuits. They managed to creating reliable, consistent growth. Thats what theyre doing at Kraft, and their strategies are focusing efforts on build a high-performing organization, reframe segment/ categories, exploit sales capabilities (by merging or acquisition etc) and drive down costs without compromising quality. As they have sustained for many years and continued progress and growth, it is an icon of strategic management organization. They have made wise decision in their sales and marketing strategies, policy on globalization, organization structure, channel distribution, strategic management, human resources etc that enable to gain competitive advantages over their ri vals. They are well ahead over their competitors in terms of market share, acceptance, product innovation, revenue, etc due to the fact that Kraft Food really understand factors and matters to sustain and excel in food industry and supported by strong business acumen and entrepreneurial spirit of Kraft organization. Sources of references Campbell D., Stonehouse G., Houston B., 2007, Business Strategy second edition Needle D., 2000., Business in Context An introduction to business and its environment, Thomson Learning, 3rd edition, London Jeffrey S., Caron H., 2008, 2004., Foundations in Strategic Management., Thomson Learning, USA Henry A., 2008., Understanding Strategic Management., Oxford University Press Inc., New York Tae Gu Lee., 2003., Business and Management., Muyokpub., Korea Woo Jung Kim.,2007.,Automotive Industry Strategy.,Suhakpub., Korea Jeffrey S., 2003., Strategic Management of Resources And Relationships; Concepts and cases., John Wiley Sons, Inc., 605 Third Avenue, New York 22.11.2005., Doubts remain over GM., retrieved on 29.04,2009 from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/4461168.stm Retrieved on 29.04,2009 from http://www.gm.com/vehicles/services/ Retrieved on 29.04,2009 from http://www.greencar.com/articles/chevrolet-silverado-mild-hybrid-pickup-offers-fuel-savings.php Retrieved on 29.04,2009 from http://cafe.daum.net/sewn/HKXp/61?docid=qV81|HKXp|61|20090227121252q=Strategy%20innovationsrchid=CCBqV81|HKXp|61|20090227121252 HaSong.http://www.globalinsight.com/Scripts/registrationForm.cfm?ID=5gclid=CKCZhdLn5pkCFZUvpAodnFAzQg http://blog.daum.net/e-monde/8840409 http://blog.daum.net/ilsan1004/17235465?srchid=BR1http%3A%2F%2Fblog.daum.net%2Filsan1004%2F17235465 Ji Hyun Cho., 10.03.2009., In future GM.,retrieved on 29.03.2009., From http://bbs2.agora.media.daum.net/gaia/do/kin/read?bbsId=K150articleId=524234 Retrieved on 25.04.2009 from http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3913/is_200403/ai_n9404349/ www.daum.net/Kiasarang Retrieved on 25.04.2009 from http://www.cutter.com/research/2004/edge040302.html Retrieved on 29.04,2009 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leadership Retrieved on 30.04,2009 from http://www.wxyz.com/news/local/story/UPDATED-New-Leadership-at-GM/FdKJNIzyPE-48KPOWbikcQ.cspx

Privacy and the Internet Essay -- Computers Technology Papers

Privacy and the Internet The Internet provides a wealth of sources for information, products, and services of all types, making it a convenient place for consumers to research topics and make purchases. Although Internet users know that some personal data will be required to make a purchase, they are often unaware of the personal data that can be collected without their knowledge by simply visiting a Web page or reading e-mail. This paper addresses some of the ways unauthorized personal information has been and is being collected and steps that can be taken to prevent or avoid this collection. To make an online purchase, an Internet user must provide a certain amount of personal information to the vendor. This information usually includes the user's name, address, telephone number, e-mail address, and credit card data. There have been many reported cases of security failures at online vendors of products and services. Because of this publicity, most Internet users are aware that there is a potential for the information they provide to be exposed to the world whether by human error, careless security practices by a vendor, or a successful attack by a hacker. However, most users are not aware of the amount of personal information that can be collected without their consent when they do such ordinary things as visiting a Web page, opening a document, or reading an e-mail message. How can personal information be collected without the user's knowledge? Information about an Internet user can be collected in many ways, including the underlying protocol of the Web, â€Å"cookies†, banner advertisements,"Web bugs", and hi-tech "toys". A user may also provide information to an online vendor to reduce annoyances. Almost every ... ... Clients Susceptible to 'Wire-Tapping'. February 5, 2001. www.internetnews.com/dev-news/article/0,,10_579871,00.html. Accessed: October 30, 2001. Lemos, Robert. ZDNet News. No easy way to exterminate 'Web bugs'. August 31, 2000. techupdate.zdnet.com/techupdate/stories/main/0,14179,2622610,00.html Accessed: October 30, 2001. Sullivan, Jennifer and Jones, Christopher. Wired News. How Much Is Your Playlist Worth? November 3, 1999. http://www.wired.com/news/technology/0,1282,32258,00.html. Accessed: October 31, 2001. Vendor sites Intelytics products. www.intelytics.com. Updated: Unknown. Accessed: October 10, 2001, X10 pop-up. www.x10.com/x10ads1.htm. Updated: Unknown. Accessed: October 9, 2001. Netscape. Persistent Client State - HTTP Cookies. home.netscape.com/newsref/std/cookie_spec.html. Updated: 1999. Accessed: October 30, 2001.

Loss As Expressed in Edgar Allen Poe’s Annabel Lee Essay -- Edgar Alle

Loss As Expressed in Edgar Allen Poe’s Annabel Lee The death of Edgar Allen Poe’s young bride prompted a wealth of bitter resentment in the writer. While this is evidenced in many of his works, nowhere is his antipathy more explicit than in the poem, â€Å"Annabel Lee†. It is apparent from reading lines such as â€Å"the winds came out of a cloud, chilling My beautiful Annabel Lee† that Poe feels that he is somehow cursed and that the heavens stole his joy because the angels’ own discontent caused them to delight in destroying the happiness of others. This is further confirmed, and perhaps most overtly so, by the line, â€Å"The Angels, half so happy in Heaven, Went envying her and me†. For Poe, reality and fantasy seem to be intrinsically entwined (Postema, 1991). He seems to view the scenario of jealous angels stealing his love away as incontrovertible fact, rather than simply a manifestation of his rage, which it so obviously is. When he writes, â€Å"For the moon never beams without giving me dreams Of the beautiful Annabel Lee†, he seems to be aware of the distinction between fantasy and reality, however this is his only lucid moment. In addition to its alluring content, the language of the poem also serves to immerse the reader into Poe's fantasy-like realm of the transcendent love he shared with his child bride. Throughout the poem, Poe writes primarily with â€Å"a combination of iambic and anapestic feet, alternating between tetrameter and trimeter†. (Carlson, 1987) The word "chilling," in both places it is used, lines fifteen and twenty-five, retains a jarring meter. This, along with the capitalization of ANNABEL LEE, is done most probably to ensure that the death of Poe's loved one disturbs the rhythm of the poem and startles... ...ear especially stark contrast to the simplistic settings and language used to describe the author’s perspective of his surroundings. Edgar Allen Poe was a man beleaguered with personal tragedy and besieged by the more unpleasant experiences of life. His certainty that fate had dealt him a bad hand served to fuel his rage, his alcoholism and his entire mission of self-destruction. However it also served to inspire him to write some of the most thought provoking and emotionally provocative poetry in the history of literature. WORKS CITED Carlson, Eric W., ed. Critical Essays on Edgar A. Poe. Boston: G.K. Hall, 1987 Postema, James. "Edgar A. Poe's Control of Readers: Formal Pressures in Poe's Dream Poems." Essays in Literature 18.1 (Spring 1991): 68-76. Regan, Robert, ed. Poe; a Collection of Critical Essays . Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1967. Loss As Expressed in Edgar Allen Poe’s Annabel Lee Essay -- Edgar Alle Loss As Expressed in Edgar Allen Poe’s Annabel Lee The death of Edgar Allen Poe’s young bride prompted a wealth of bitter resentment in the writer. While this is evidenced in many of his works, nowhere is his antipathy more explicit than in the poem, â€Å"Annabel Lee†. It is apparent from reading lines such as â€Å"the winds came out of a cloud, chilling My beautiful Annabel Lee† that Poe feels that he is somehow cursed and that the heavens stole his joy because the angels’ own discontent caused them to delight in destroying the happiness of others. This is further confirmed, and perhaps most overtly so, by the line, â€Å"The Angels, half so happy in Heaven, Went envying her and me†. For Poe, reality and fantasy seem to be intrinsically entwined (Postema, 1991). He seems to view the scenario of jealous angels stealing his love away as incontrovertible fact, rather than simply a manifestation of his rage, which it so obviously is. When he writes, â€Å"For the moon never beams without giving me dreams Of the beautiful Annabel Lee†, he seems to be aware of the distinction between fantasy and reality, however this is his only lucid moment. In addition to its alluring content, the language of the poem also serves to immerse the reader into Poe's fantasy-like realm of the transcendent love he shared with his child bride. Throughout the poem, Poe writes primarily with â€Å"a combination of iambic and anapestic feet, alternating between tetrameter and trimeter†. (Carlson, 1987) The word "chilling," in both places it is used, lines fifteen and twenty-five, retains a jarring meter. This, along with the capitalization of ANNABEL LEE, is done most probably to ensure that the death of Poe's loved one disturbs the rhythm of the poem and startles... ...ear especially stark contrast to the simplistic settings and language used to describe the author’s perspective of his surroundings. Edgar Allen Poe was a man beleaguered with personal tragedy and besieged by the more unpleasant experiences of life. His certainty that fate had dealt him a bad hand served to fuel his rage, his alcoholism and his entire mission of self-destruction. However it also served to inspire him to write some of the most thought provoking and emotionally provocative poetry in the history of literature. WORKS CITED Carlson, Eric W., ed. Critical Essays on Edgar A. Poe. Boston: G.K. Hall, 1987 Postema, James. "Edgar A. Poe's Control of Readers: Formal Pressures in Poe's Dream Poems." Essays in Literature 18.1 (Spring 1991): 68-76. Regan, Robert, ed. Poe; a Collection of Critical Essays . Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1967.

Child Personality Types Essay -- Classification Essays Psychology Pers

Child Personality Types Anyone who has spent time with or around children will notice that each one has a special personality all of their own. Children, like adults, have different traits that make up their personalities. Experts have researched this phenomenon in detail and classified children into different categories. Some experts have named more than three categories, but Peter L. Manigone has chosen three that most experts agree with. These categories have been named "flexible," "fearful," and "feisty." Children generally may have similar interests, but the way they interact and deal with these interests displays their personality type. The first personality type is called flexible. This is the most common of the three types. About "40 percent of all children fall into the flexible or easy group" (Mangione). These children usually handle feelings of anger and disappointment by reacting mildly upset. This does not mean that they do not feel mad or disappointed, they just choose to react mildly. These actions mean the flexible child is easy to take care of and be around. According to Mangione, they usually "adapt to new situations and activities quickly, are toilet-trained easily, and are generally cheerful." Flexible children are subtle in their need for attention. Rather than yelling and demanding it, they will slowly and politely let their caregiver know about the need. If they do not get the attention right away, they "seldom make a fuss." They patiently wait, but they still make it known that they need the attention. These children also are easygoing, so routines like feeding and napping are regular (M angione). Flexible children may be referred to as "good as gold" because of their cheerf... ...re most like. Whatever their temperament, children need to be treated according to their individual needs. When these needs are met appropriately the child will be happier, and those around the child will feel better also. Knowing the general personality types and how to react to them will help to make the caregiver's job much easier and aid in the relief of unnecessary stress. Works Cited "Facts About Temperament." Temperamentproject n.d. 25 Oct 2000. Mangione, Peter L. The Different Temperaments of Infants and Toddlers. J. Ronald Lally. Dir. Janet Poole. Media Services Unit, California Department of Education. California Department of Education. Viorst, Judith. "Is Your Child's Personality Set at Birth?" Tennessee Electronic Library. (Nov. 1995) Online. InfoTrac OneFile, A17618832.

Character Orientation

Values In order to make better transformations in life, I believe that change should start from within. I will exercise good values at all times, strive hard to be a better version of myself, will give my best in school, and I will never stop learning and working towards my goals. The little things we do everyday affects our future in big ways so it might as well be good. It's also important that we keep our personal relationship with God strong and intact.And let his blessings and miracles work in our lives. There are things we couldn't avoid in our family like quarrels and disagreements. I am trying to be more patient and I try not to talk when I'm in a bad mood to keep myself from saying cruel things that I don't even mean. Also try to reach out to them after every fight and ignore my pride, and in doing so, I can be at peace with myself too. I admit it's not easy to forgive and forget but my love for my family is greater than any of that.And I believe that everyone should do the same to maintain a healthy relationship with their implies. It's easier to do great things with my friends in school. Everyday makes a huge difference. Thefts all very nurturing and supportive and they can expect me to do the same too. I will also continue to share my talents and teach them the things know. School activities can be very stressful but this is what makes us responsible, clever, disciplined etc. And some Of the essential values we need to succeed in life.I'm not a very social person and I admit that I don t usually go out. Trying to come up with something that will make differences for our community is challenging. But maybe someday I'll be able to support a cause, donate to charities, and use art to inspire and encourage people. For now, I will just prepare myself so that if I'll be given the opportunity to contribute to something that will make great changes for our community, I will surely give it my best.

Programming and Commercial Effects on Children Essay

Many parents are not aware that commercial programming can have the same effect on child’s cognitive learning as the programming the children are watching. The Merriman-Webster (2012) dictionary defines cognitive as, â€Å"Of relating to, being, or involving conscious intellectual activity (as thinking, reasoning, or remembering). † Research has been done on children’s programming as well as commercial television to show the effects on today’s youth. Even though suggestive adult humor can be found in children’s programming, the impact commercials have toward children is just as important to watch. Television can provide opportunity for children to learn however it should not be a teacher or babysitter for today’s youth. Questions like, â€Å"If a program is scheduled at all hours of the day and into the night, does this make it appropriate for younger children to watch? † should be just one of the many parents should ask when allowing children to watch specific television programming. Intentional or not, programmers use television to influence today’s youth. With today’s ability to view children’s programming on a multitude of different stations and different channels for each station, it is amazing on how much of today’s programming for young children have hidden layers of adult humor. Television writers put subtle instances of adult humor in to children’s programming which allows for them to draw in ratings from a wider range of viewers. Rice (2009) conducted a study on popular children’s cartoon SpongeBob SquarePants in which it states the show is directed toward an age group of approximately 2 to 11 year olds, however research shows that it has a variety of audiences in all age groups. Nearly a quarter (22%) of the viewers ranged from ages 18 to 49. Along with this research, Rice also notes on the schedule of the show to emphasize how it is directed toward a large range of viewers. The show was slotted to air between early morning hours to even later hours, up until close to midnight which by then most of the targeted age group would ave been in bed for a few hours by the time of airing. Rice also recorded subject analysis data for several age groups. In information collected from high school students, the majority of them seem to identify with the shows side kick known as Patrick Star. â€Å"A large majority of respondents say they watch the show because it is â€Å"funny,† â€Å"entertaining,† and â€Å"hilarious† (Rice, 2009, paragraph, 46). On the other hand, when college students were polled they more or less chose to watch because it helped them unwind from a stressful day, possibly like a treat for their bran after a hard day of class work. If a show that is targeted for a much younger age group has a relaxing type of effect, it would be interesting to see how it influences the target age group. When children’s programming is actually aimed towards a large range of viewers how adults choose what their children should watch could have an important impact on how they develop. In recent, years television networks an writers have taken a more proactive approach in educating youth through television programming. Some of this can be seen by the creation of junior channels. Channels like Nick Jr. or Disney Jr. ave created programming geared toward preschoolers and toddlers that use colors and characters to peak their interests. One of the more influential television stations that support child develop has been the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS). PBS has had constant influence in child development with shows like Sesame Street and Barney & Friends and now offer new programming like Bob the Builder, Teletubbies and Thomas & Friends. These shows focus on learning in the early stages of a preschoolers development by reaching the alphabet, numbers, dancing, singing and even emotional responses. According to â€Å"The Journal of Media Literacy† (2012), â€Å"To capture and hold viewer attention, each Dora episode features a linear narrative shaped around a high-stakes adventure with serious consequences. It calls upon viewers to interact with the television to help Dora overcome a series of structured challenges. When children hear that they did a good job or a positive response, they tend to want to interact more and thus keeps them interested in the programming. Along with current programming on television, networks have started developing DVD’s to sell to parents when current programming might not peak a child’s interests. Big Companies like Disney, the Brainy Baby Company and Sesame Workshop have started developing age specific programming. When a large company starts to invest in developmental programming, it gives a better sense of satisfaction as the brand is well known. DVD series like Baby Einstein, Brainy Baby and Sesame Beginnings all have their own niche and targeted age range however all promote development and learning. Kikorian, Wartella, and Anderson (2008) state shows like Baby Einstein target viewers from as young as one month old and covers a wide range of topics such as music, art, language and poetry while Sesame Beginnings targets children starting at six months of age. This show features younger versions of the Muppets of Sesame Street and promote interaction between children and their caregivers. Kikoran et al. (2008) also discussed the unique effect of television on children under the age of two and suggests that some research shows that exposure to television during the first few years of life may be associated with poorer cognitive development. This question could be geared toward the overall television experience which includes commercials and the actual programming. With the importance of what is appropriate for children to watch in television, parents seem to be more concerned with actual programming then what is played in between. However, studies have shown that these commercials can be just as influential to our youth. With promotion of movie trailers, current television shows and video games violence is in pure view for children to see and it is less monitored then the actual program. In order to track this data, the authors in an article in the Journal of Advertising had to define how children and their parents viewed violence. For the children defining violence was much more broad as one child responded with, â€Å"Violent is fighting with weapons, with swords, blood, and gore† and another stated, â€Å"Violence is bleeding really bad. Sometimes it’s when somebody falls down and they’re scratched or bleeding really bad† (Brocato et al. 2010). Parents were more unified with defining violence with violence consisting of blood, gore and death. Children seem to think that it is the mother that stresses the importance of them not watching while the fathers feel it is alright as long as they are watching it with them. Both parents shared a common theme in that the commercials are not the issue but the actual programming. Parents also shared that by being present they could address sensitive issues like violence when it happens. Reading through the study it was surprising to see possible limitations that could have address more issues. Parents could have been asked while being present when the issue arose how did the child react to the situation. Another question that might have been asked is how did the child react to the actual discussion about the topic. Was the child more interested in the programming or on what the parents had to say. Ultimately the article had a good basis for what were the more glaring issues and how both the parents and children valued what was played in commercials. Intentional or not, programmers use television to influence today’s youth. This could be from how they act from watching their favorite television program, to desiring a new toy or video game that was currently seen on a commercial. Parents should take the time to watch what their children are watching. One way to see how a child’s favorite program can affect them is to watch the program without the child and then with the child. When watched alone write down instances that might be inappropriate or that draw questions. As the child sits through the program watch how they react to certain situation and then discuss with them on what is positive and what is negative. With correct supervision and discussions, parents have the ability to be a part of the education process with today’s youth.